Firsocostat

Firsocostat (ND-630; GS-0976; NDI-010976) is an acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) inhibitor; inhibits human ACC1 and ACC2 with IC₅₀ values of 2.1 and 6.1 nM, respectively. IC50 & Target: IC50: 2.1 nM (hACC1); 6.1 nM (hACC2)^[1] In Vitro: Firsocostat (ND-630) inhibits hACC1 (IC₅₀=2.1±0.2 nM) and hACC2 (IC₅₀=6.1±0.8 nM). Inhibition is reversible and highly specific for ACC. Firsocostat inhibits ACC activity by interacting within the phosphopeptide-acceptor and dimerization site of the enzyme to prevent dimerization. Firsocostat inhibits fatty acid synthesis with an EC₅₀ of 66 nM in HepG2 cells without altering the total cell number, cellular protein concentration, and incorporation of acetate into cholesterol^[1]. In Vivo: Chronical administration of Firsocostat (ND-630) to rats with diet-induced obesity reduces hepatic steatosis, improves insulin sensitivity, reduces weight gain without affecting food intake, and favorably affects dyslipidemia. Chronical administration of Firsocostat Zucker diabetic fatty rats, Firsocostat reduces hepatic steatosis, improves glucose-stimulated insulin secretion, and reduces hemoglobin A1c (0.9% reduction). Firsocostat exhibits an aqueous solubility of 594 μM and human and rat plasma protein binding of 98.5% and 98.6%, respectively. Pharmacokinetic evaluation of Firsocostat in male Sprague-Dawley rats [i.v. 3 mg/kg; orally (p.o.) 10 mg/kg] yields a plasma t_1/2 of 4.5 h, bioavailability of 37%, clearance of 33 mL/min/kg, volume of distribution of 1.9 L/kg, oral time of maximum plasma concentration of 0.25 h^[1].