Salvianolic acid D

Salvianolic acid D is a depside. Salvianolic acid D can be isolated from Salvia miltiorrhiza (Danshen). Salvianolic acid D promotes the expression of Bcl-2, and inhibits the expressions of Bax, Cleaved caspase-3 and -9. Salvianolic acid D reduces the expression levels of TLR4, MyD88 and TRAF6 proteins both in vitro and in vivo, and significantly inhibits the nuclear translocation of NF-κB. Salvianolic acid D inhibits the cytoplasmic translocation of HMGB1. Salvianolic acid D suppresses inflammatory responses and alleviates cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury. Salvianolic acid D serves as a potential antiplatelet active component^[1][2][3]. In Vitro:Salvianolic acid D (0.2-5 μM; 24 h) increases OGD/R-injured PC12 cell viability, inhibits apoptosis, reduces inflammatory cytokine production, and blocks HMGB1/TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB signaling when applied at 0.2, 1, or 5 μM for 24 hours post-OGD/R^[1]. In Vivo:Salvianolic acid D (1-15 mg/kg; intravenous injection; twice) dose-dependently alleviates cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury in male Sprague-Dawley rats^[1].