Neomycin (sulfate)

Neomycin sulfate, an aminoglycoside antibiotic, exerts antibacterial activity through irreversible binding of the nuclear 30S ribosomal subunit, thereby blocking bacterial protein synthesis. Neomycin sulfate is a known phospholipase C (PLC) inhibitor. Neomycin sulfate potently inhibits both the nuclear translocation of angiogenin and angiogenin-induced cell proliferation and angiogenesis. Neomycin sulfate inhibits IP3-mediated Ca²⁺ release, MgATP-dependent Ca²⁺ uptake, and electrical excitation-evoked skeletal muscle Ca²⁺ transients. Neomycin sulfate depletes gut microbiota in specific mouse models, causes hearing impairment, and kidney damage with prolonged exposure. Neomycin sulfate can be used for the research of cancer^[1][2]. In Vitro:Neomycin sulfate (10-500 μM; 30 min) inhibits nuclear translocation of angiogenin in HUVE cells with 60% inhibition at 100 μM and residual 14% translocation at 500 μM^[1].
Neomycin sulfate (5-50 μM; 48 h) completely abolishes angiogenin-induced proliferation of HUVE cells at 50 μM, with 49% inhibition at 5 μM and 69% inhibition at 25 μM^[1].
Neomycin sulfate (5-50 μM; 2 h) does not inhibit the ribonucleolytic activity of angiogenin against yeast tRNA at concentrations up to 50 μM^[1].
Neomycin sulfate (0.25-1.25 mM; 6 minutes after cell permeabilization) inhibits IP₃-mediated Ca²⁺ release in saponin-permeabilized RINmSF insulinoma cells in a dose-dependent manner and also inhibits the initial rate of net Ca²⁺ uptake into non-mitochondrial pools^[2].
Neomycin sulfate (1.25 mM) inhibits IP₃-mediated ⁴⁵Ca²⁺ release from saponin-permeabilized rat hepatocytes, with greater inhibition at low IP₃ concentrations^[2].
Neomycin sulfate covalently linked to glass beads avidly binds IP₃ (93% retention) and ATP (97-98% retention) and also binds PIP₂ (70% retention), but binds IP₁ and myo-inositol poorly^[2]. In Vivo:Neomycin sulfate (4-200 ng; applied to CAM; single dose) at 20 ng per egg completely inhibits angiogenin-induced angiogenesis in the chicken CAM model^[1].
Neomycin sulfate (1 g/L; p.o.; daily; 14 days) as part of a broad-spectrum antibiotic cocktail depletes over 90% of gut microbiota in 7.5-month-old APP/PS1 transgenic mice^[3].