Estragole

Estragole (4-Allylanisole) is a relatively nontoxic volatile terpenoid ether and major component of the essential oil from many plants. Estragole significantly triggers Apoptosis, suppresses LPS-induced intracellular ROS production. Estragole activats Nrf-2 and regulates NF-κB. Estragole has anti-toxoplasma, anti-inflammatory, anti-edema, antioxidant and immunomodulatory properties. Estragole blocks DRG neuron excitability. Estragole has improves gastric ulcer activity^{[1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13]}. In Vitro:Estragole (0-200 μg/mL, 24 h) exhibits a dose-dependent cytotoxic activity in the monolayer culture of MCF7 cell line with IC₅₀ value of 74 μg/mL^[3].
Estragole (2000 μM, 24 h) induces apoptosis in AA8 and EM9 cells^[4].
Estragole (84.5-674 μM, 2 h) exhibits anti-inflammatory activity with the regulation of NF-κB and activation of Nrf-2 signaling pathways in LPS-induced RAW 264.7 cells^[5].
Estragole (1-300 μM) increases micronuclei counts (3.2-7.1 fold) in HepG2-CYP1A2 cells^[6].
Estragole (31.25-500  μg/mL, 24 h) does not exhibit significant cytotoxic effects in the A. Salina and hemolysis tests^[7].
Estragole (3-60 μg/mL, 30  min) inhibits neutrophil migration toward fMLP^[8].
Estragole (0.6-14 mM) blocks DRG neuronal excitability by direct inhibition of Na⁺ channels^[9].
In Vivo:Estragole (250-750 mg/kg, p.o., 30 min before the intraperitoneal injection carrageenan solution) significantly reduces the number of rolling, adherent leukocytes and decreases number of leukocyte migrated to perivascular tissue in mice^[8].
Estragole (30-60 mg/kg, p.o.) shows anti-inflammatory and antiedematogenic activity, with reducing paw edema in mice^[10].
Estragole (31.2-250  mg/kg, p.o., pre-treated 30  min- 1 h) prevents gastric ulcers via cytoprotective, antioxidant and immunoregulatory mechanisms in Swiss mice^[11].
Estragole (100 mg/kg, p.o., daily, 6 consecutive days) shows anti-toxoplasma activity in murine models of congenital and noncongenital toxoplasmosis^[12].
Estragole (100 g, i.p., once a week for 17 weeks) decreases the HNF4 and FOXA DNA-binding activities and inhibits the induction of tyrosine aminotransferase and tryptophan oxygenase only in susceptible female mice^[13].