4-tert-Octylphenol

4-tert-Octylphenol, a endocrine-disrupting chemical, is an estrogenic agent. 4-tert-Octylphenol is also a biodegradation product of non-ionic surfactants alkylphenol polyethoxylates. 4-tert-Octylphenol induces apoptosis in neuronal progenitor cells in offspring mouse brain. 4-tert-Octylphenol reduces bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU), mitotic marker Ki67, and phospho-histone H3 (p-Histone-H3), resulting in a reduction of neuronal progenitor proliferation. 4-tert-Octylphenol disrupts brain development and behavior in mice, which is promising for reserch of immune response, neuro-related diseases and ethology^[1][2][3][4]. In Vitro:4-tert-Octylphenol (0.01 and 1 μM, 24 h) may inhibit proliferation and promote apoptosis of neuronal progenitor cells during the early stage of brain development^[1].
4-tert-Octylphenol (10 μM, 6 h) down-regulates the expression of IL-12p35, IFN-γ2 and CXCb2 in LPS-stimulated monocytes/macrophages and decreases the levels of nitric oxide (NO) released from LPS-stimulated cells^[3].
In Vivo:4-tert-Octylphenol (10, 50 mg/kg, s.c., a single dose) promotes cell death in offspring mouse brain, induces cognitive dysfunction and impairs sociability and decreases social novelty preference in offspring mice^[1].
4-tert-Octylphenol (10, 50 mg/kg, s.c., a single dose for 24 h) promotes cell cycle exit and inhibits cell cycle reentry of dentate gyrus (DG) neural progenitors in embryonic and adult neurogenesis^[1].
4-tert-Octylphenol (2.5 μg/kg, feed, daily for 14 days) lowers numbers of peritoneal leukocytes/phagocytes compared to those in control infected animals in peritoneal and head kidney leukocytes of fish^[3].