Stavudine (sodium)

Stavudine (d4T) sodium is an orally active nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI). Stavudine sodium has activity against HIV-1 and HIV-2. Stavudine sodium also inhibits the replication of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA). Stavudine sodium reduces NLRP3 inflammasome activation and modulates Amyloid-β autophagy. Stavudine sodium induces apoptosis^[1][2][3][4]. In Vitro: Stavudine (d4T) sodium (50 μM) significantly reduces the expression of the NLRP3 inflammasome gene, IL-18 production and Aβ 42-stimulated cellular production of IL-1β in THP-1 derived macrophages^[3].
Stavudine (d4T) sodium (50 μM) inhibits the assembly of the NLRP3 inflammasome complex and down-regulates the phagocytosis of Aβ 42 by macrophages^[3].
Stavudine (d4T) sodium (10 μM, 7 or 14 days) significantly induced CEM cells apoptosis, especially after 14 days, and increases hydrogen peroxide levels^[4].
In Vivo: Stavudine (d4T) sodium (500 mg/kg, daily liquid, 2 weeks) can rapidly induce fat depletion and mild liver damage at high dose in male RjOrl Swiss mice^[5].