Solanesol

Solanesol is an orally active aliphatic terpene alcohol. Solanesol is mainly found in tobacco and other Solanaceae plants. Solanesol induces HO-1 and Hsp70 expression, activates p38 and Akt signaling pathways, and inhibits Apoptosis (reduces caspase-3 and PARP cleavage). Solanesol has antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and neuroprotective activities. Solanesol can be used in the research of Huntington's disease, alcoholic liver disease, chronic inflammatory pain, anxiety, Alzheimer's disease, and bipolar disorder^{[1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8]}. In Vitro: Solanesol (40 μM; 0-24 h) induces HO-1 mRNA and protein expression in RAW264.7 cells^[2].
Solanesol (10-80 μM; 12–24 h) upregulates HO-1 and Hsp70 expression in human hepatic L02 cells, protecting against ethanol-induced oxidative injury by enhancing Nrf2 and HSF1 nuclear translocation^[4].
In Vivo: Solanesol (5-15 mg/kg, p.o.; 15 days) significantly reduces behavioral abnormalities (memory impairment, weak grip strength) and biochemical alterations (mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress) in 3-NP-induced Huntington’s disease-like rat model^[3].
Solanesol (50 mg/kg, i.p.) alleviates CFA (HY-153808)-induced chronic inflammatory pain in C57BL/6 mice, reducing mechanical and thermal hypersensitivity and suppressing spinal glial cell activation^[5].
Solanesol (50 mg/kg; i.p.; 1 week) ameliorates CFA-induced anxiety-like behaviors in mice by downregulating TIA1, inhibiting the expression of pro-inflammatory factors IL-1β and TNF-α, and reducing microglial/astrocytic activation in the anterior cingulate cortex^[6].
Solanesol (40-80 mg/kg, p.o.) activates SIRT-1 signaling in Ouabain (HY-B1457)-induced bipolar disorder rats, improving neurobehavioral deficits and restoring Na⁺/K⁺-ATPase activity^[8].