Copper(I) oxide

Copper(I) oxide is a weak inorganic base, oxidative stress inducer and cytotoxic agent. Copper(I) oxide generates ROS by impairing the activities of Catalase (HY-135849) and glutathione reductase. Copper(I) oxide can be used to activate halides for nucleophilic substitution reactions, and is also suitable for decarboxylation and ring condensation reactions^[1][2]. In Vivo:Copper(I) oxide (aqueous exposure; continuous exposure; 96 h) exhibits acute aquatic toxicity to zebrafish, with a 96-h LC₅₀ of 75 μg/L in freshwater^[2].
Copper(I) oxide (aqueous exposure; continuous exposure; 48 h) exhibits acute aquatic toxicity to water fleas, with a 48-h EC₅₀ of 42 μg/L in freshwater^[2].
Copper(I) oxide (aqueous exposure; continuous exposure; 48 h) exhibits acute aquatic toxicity to snails, with a 48-h LC₅₀ of 179 μg/L in freshwater^[2].
Copper(I) oxide (1800 μg/L; aqueous exposure; continuous exposure) exhibits acute aquatic toxicity to haddock, with an LT₅₀ of 4.5-5.7 h^[2].
Copper(I) oxide (following continuous aqueous exposure for 96 h) exhibits acute aquatic toxicity to mysid shrimp, with an LC₅₀ of 69.7 μg/L in saltwater^[2].
Copper(I) oxide (aqueous exposure; continuous exposure; 12-96 h) exhibits time-dependent acute aquatic toxicity to barnacles in seawater, with its LC₅₀ value decreasing from 700 μg/L at 12 h to 20 μg/L at 96 h^[2].