Cornuside

Cornuside is an iridoid glycoside with anti-allergic, anti-inflammatory, and neuroprotective activities. Cornuside exerts anti-allergic activity by downregulating the p38 MAPK, JNK, and NF-κB signaling pathways, and inhibits IgE-mediated histamine release from mast cells. Cornuside improves cognitive impairment in mice by inhibiting BACE1 activity (IC₅₀ = 55.84 μg/mL) and enhancing ChAT activity. Cornuside inhibits LPS (HY-D1056)-induced inflammatory mediators, including iNOS, COX-2, PGE2, TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β, by suppressing NF-κB activation^[1][2][3]. In Vitro:Cornuside exhibits free radical scavenging activity in a cell-free DPPH assay with an IC₅₀ of 20 μM^[1].
Cornuside protects SH-SY5Y cells from H₂O₂-induced damage by enhancing endogenous antioxidant defense systems^[1].
Cornuside (3-30 μM; 30 min) dose-dependently inhibits anti-DNP IgE-mediated histamine release from rat peritoneal mast cells, with significant effects at 10 and 30 μM^[2].
Cornuside (3-30 μM; 4 h) dose-dependently inhibits the production and secretion of TNF-α and IL-6 by PMA/A23187-stimulated human mast cells (HMC-1), with significant effects at 10 and 30 μM^[2].
Cornuside (3-30 μM; 1 h pre-incubation, 18 h LPS stimulation) dose-dependently inhibits LPS-induced nitric oxide production in RAW 264.7 cells, with maximum inhibition of 67.6% at 30 μM after 18 hours of LPS stimulation^[3].
Cornuside (3-30 μM; 1 h pre-incubation, 1 h LPS stimulation) dose-dependently inhibits LPS-induced nuclear translocation of the NF-κB p65 subunit in RAW 264.7 cells after 1 hour of LPS stimulation, with maximum inhibition at 30 μM^[3]. In Vivo:Cornuside (3-30 mg/kg; p.o.; daily administration for 15 consecutive days) ameliorates scopolamine (HY-N0296)-induced cognitive impairment in mice^[1].
Cornuside (50-200 mg/kg; p.o.; single administration) dose-dependently inhibits passive cutaneous anaphylaxis in mice and rats^[2].