Dimethyl phthalate

Dimethyl phthalate (DMP) can be used as a plasticizer to impart flexibility to rigid polyvinyl chloride (PVC) resin. Additionally, Dimethyl phthalate is an oral active endocrine disruptor that can cause ovarian dysfunction in mice. Dimethyl phthalate can also induce oxidative stress and apoptosis in cells, thereby affecting blood and red blood cell function in rats^[1]. In Vitro:Dimethyl phthalate (0.39 or 1.5625 mM, 24 hours) promotes oxidative stress and apoptosis in SH-SY5Y cells^[2].
Dimethyl phthalate (5-80 mg/L, 5.5 hours) causes membrane damage in Escherichia coli K12 cells, increasing membrane permeability, promoting cell death, and inducing oxidative stress^[3].
In Vivo:Dimethyl phthalate (50-1000 mg/kg, p.o., once daily for 7 days) affects rat blood and red blood cell function by inducing oxidative stress, as evidenced by a significant increase in malondialdehyde (MDA) levels and elevated iron release^[4].
Dimethyl phthalate (0.5, 1, 2 g/kg, p.o., once daily for 20 or 40 days) significantly affects ovarian function in C57BL/6J mice, leading to a decrease in follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), an increase in estradiol (E2) and luteinizing hormone (LH), and ovarian cell apoptosis^[5].