Tolfenpyrad

Tolfenpyrad is an insecticide approved for marketing in Japan in 2002. In Vitro:Tolfenpyrad (12.5 μM) inhibits the growth of Francisella novicida in liquid media and on solid agar, with an IC₅₀ of 1.2 µM or 1.5 µM (depending on the source of Tolfenpyrad)^[2].
Tolfenpyrad (100 μM; 24 h-7 days) inhibits the motility, growth, and development of exsheathed third-stage (xL3) and fourth-stage (L4) larvae of H. contortus, with IC₅₀ values ranging from 0.02 to 3 μM^[3].
Tolfenpyrad (0.242-7.760 g a.i./hm²) reduces the survival rate, pupation rate, adult emergence rate, fecundity, and egg hatchability of the parent generation of Coccinella septempunctata, prolongs the development time, and also affects the development time, longevity, and population parameters of the offspring^[4].
In Vivo:Tolfenpyrad (p.o.; single or 14 days) is metabolized such that over half of it reaches the liver and approximately 90 % is transformed to PT-CA in plasma, liver, and kidney in rats^[6].
Tolfenpyrad (5 mg/kg; p.o.) shows no toxicity symptoms and a reduction in worm burden in one sheep infected with Haemonchus contortus^[7].