Amikacin (hydrate)

Amikacin hydrate (BAY 41-6551 hydrate) is an aminoglycoside antibiotic and a semisynthetic analog of kanamycin. Amikacin hydrate is bactericidal, acting directly on the 30S and 50S bacerial ribosomal subunits to inhibit protein synthesis. Amikacin hydrate is very active against most Gram-negative bacteria including gentamicin- and tobramycin-resistant strains. Amikacin hydrate also inhibits the infections caused by susceptible Nocardia and nontuberculous mycobacteria^[1][2]. In Vitro: Amikacin offers definite advantages for treating infections caused by organisms resistant to other aminoglycosides. Amikaci is affected by relatively few arninoglycoside-modifying enzymes. Amikacin is useful in the treatment of infections caused by Nocardia asteroides, Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare, and certain species of "rapid-growing" mycobacteria (that is, M. chelonae and M. fortuitumi)^[1].
Amikacin (100-1500 μM) causes a reliable dose-dependent loss of lateral line zebrafish hair cells with a LD₅₀ value of 453 μM^[3]. In Vivo: Amikacin (320?mg/kg; subcutaneous injection; daily; for 10 days; male Fischer rats) treatment increases the chance of serious hearing loss in rats in vivo^[3].