E6446

E6446 is a potent and orally acitve TLR7 and TLR9 antagonist, used in the research of deleterious inflammatory responses. E6446 is also a potent SCD1 inhibitor (KD: 4.61 μM), significantly inhibiting adipogenic differentiation and hepatic lipogenesis through SCD1-ATF3 signaling. E6446 also improves liver pathology in high-fat diet (HFD)-fed mice and may be useful in the study of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD)^[1][2][3]. IC50 & Target:TLR7, TLR9, SCD1^[1] In Vitro: E6446 is a potent and orally acitve TLR7 and TLR9 inhibitor. E6446 potently suppresses DNA stimulation of HEK:TLR9 cells, with an IC₅₀ value of 10 nM, but is significantly less effective at suppressing LPS endotoxin stimulation of HEK:TLR4 cells or R848 stimulation of HEK:TLR7 cells. E6446 potently inhibits IL-6 production induced by CpG2216 but is ineffective against induction by the TLR3 ligand poly inosine-cytosine. The ability of E6446 to inhibit TLR7 is ligand dependent, E6446 is a potent inhibitor of IL-6 induction by RNA but a relatively poor inhibitor of IL-6 induction by the small molecule imidazoquinoline ligand R-848. E6446 suppress TLR9-DNA interaction in vitro, with an IC₅₀ in the 1 to 10 µM range^[1]. E6446 (0.01-0.03 μM) specifically inhibits TLR9 activation with CpG ODN 2006, and blocks TLR7/8 activated by the imidazoquinoline compound R848 at 2-8 μM. E6446 reduces 50% of TLR4 activation at 30 μM, and shows IC₅₀s of 0.01 μM and 0.23 μM in HEK-TLR9 cells stimulated with oligo 2006 and in human PBMCs stimulated with oligo 2216, respectively^[2]. In Vivo: E6446 (20 mg/kg, p.o.) almost cmlpletely inhibits CpG1668-induced IL-6 production, and dose-dependently suppresses the development of ANA (anti-nuclear antibodies) in mice at 20 and 60 mg/kg^[1]. E6446 (20, 60 mg/kg, p.o.) dose-dependently inhibits TLR9 signaling in mice. E6446 (60, 120 mg/kg, p.o.) prevents hyperresponsiveness of TLRs and LPS-induced septic shock in rodent malaria, diminishes TLR responsiveness during acute malaria, suppresses activation of both TLR7 and TLR9^[2].