Amprolium

Amprolium is a thiamine transporter inhibitor and antiparasitic agent with oral activity and blood-brain barrier penetration. Amprolium blocks thiamine transport at the blood-brain barrier and intestine, and competitively inhibits thiamine pyrophosphokinase, inducing thiamine pyrophosphate deficiency and impairing carbohydrate synthesis. Amprolium induces oxidative stress, alters antioxidant enzyme activity, and inhibits acetylcholinesterase (AchE) activity. Amprolium disrupts reproductive organs and gametogenesis, and causes histopathological and ultrastructural damage to multiple organs. Amprolium induces thiamine deficiency, reduces body weight gain in mice, and causes psychomotor behavioral changes and nephropathy. Amprolium exhibits molluscicidal activity against the terrestrial snail Eobania vermiculata, and reduces the shedding of Eimeria meleagrimitis oocysts in feces and litter. Amprolium can be used for research on thiamine deficiency and coccidiosis^[1][2][3]. In Vivo:Amprolium (0.024%; drinking water; daily; 5 days) reduces E. meleagrimitis oocyst shedding, significantly improves body weight gain after challenge (BWG of 226.13 g in the directly treated group), and decreases intestinal lesion scores (LS of 1.39), while modulating the ileal and cecal microbiome, particularly by increasing Turicibacter abundance, in vaccinated turkey poults^[3].
Amprolium (10-100 mg/mL; contact method; single exposure; 7 days) exhibits molluscicidal activity against Eobania vermiculata, with an LC₅₀ of 32.35 mg/mL after 7 days of exposure^[1].
Amprolium (16.175 mg/mL; petri dish exposure; 7 days) induces significant biochemical alterations and oxidative stress, leading to severe histopathological and ultrastructural damage in multiple organs of Eobania vermiculata^[1].
Amprolium (100 g/L; spray application; single dose) reduces Eobania vermiculata populations by 84% after 14 days in field trials when applied as a spray at 100 g/L^[1].
Amprolium (10-20 mg/mL; p.o.; daily; 20 or 80 days) induces detectable and uniform behavioral psychomotor impairment and metabolic changes in mice, including a 39.27% reduction in locomotor activity and decreased body weight gain, without causing central nervous system lesions, but leading to moderate proteinuria and proximal tubular cell swelling^[2].