Baricitinib (phosphate)

Baricitinib phosphate (LY3009104 phosphate; INCB028050 phosphate) is a selective orally bioavailable JAK1/JAK2 inhibitor with IC₅₀ of 5.9 nM and 5.7 nM, respectively. IC50 & Target: IC50: 5.9 nM (JAK1), 5.7 nM (JAK2), >400 nM (JAK3), 53 nM (Tyk2)^[1] In Vitro: In cell-based assays, Baricitinib phosphate (INCB028050 phosphate) proves to be a potent inhibitor of JAK signaling and function. In PBMCs, Baricitinib inhibits IL-6-stimulated phosphorylation of the canonical substrate STAT3 (pSTAT3) and subsequent production of the chemokine MCP-1 with IC₅₀ values of 44 nM and 40 nM, respectively. In isolated naive T-cells, INCB028050 also inhibits pSTAT3 stimulated by IL-23 (IC₅₀=20 nM). Importantly, this inhibition prevented the production of two pathogenic cytokines (IL-17 and IL-22) produced by Th17 cells-a subtype of helper T cells with demonstrable inflammatory and pathogenic properties-with an IC₅₀ value of 50 nM. In stark contrast, the structurally similar but ineffective JAK1/2 inhibitors INCB027753 and INCB029843 has no significant effect in any of these assays systems when tested at concentrations up to 10 μM^[1]. In Vivo: Baricitinib phosphate (INCB028050 phosphate) treatment, compares with vehicle, inhibits the increase in hind paw volumes during the 2 wk of treatment by 50% at a dose of 1 mg/kg and >95% at doses of 3 or 10 mg/kg. Because baseline paw volume measurements are taken on treatment day 0-in animals with significant signs of disease-it is possible to have >100% inhibition in animals showing marked improvement in swelling^[1]. Baricitinib (0.7 mg/day) treated mice exhibits substantially reduced inflammation as assessed by H&E staining, reduced CD8 infiltration, and reduced MHC class I and class II expression when compared with vehicle-control treated mice. CD8⁺NKG2D⁺ cells, critical effectors of disease in murine and human alopecia areata (AA), are greatly diminished in Baricitinib treated mice compare with vehicle control treated mice^[2].