Chloranil

Chloranil (Tetrachloro-p-benzoquinone), an orally active metabolite of pentachlorophenol and hexachlorobenzene, is a widely used fungicide. Chloranil can induce ROS production. Chloranil induces neutrophil extracellular traps through the ROS-JNK-NOX2 pathway. Chloranil induces ferroptosis and neuroinflammation. Chloranil induces apoptosis of mouse embryonic stem cells^{[1][2][3][4][5]} . In Vitro:Chloranil (20 μM; 12-24 h) induces ferroptosis in PC12 cells^[1].
Chloranil (0-50 μM; 24 h) induces apoptosis in mouse embryonic stem cells in a dose-dependent manner[2].
Chloranil (10 μM; 1.5-3 h) induces neutrophil extracellular traps by ROS-JNK-NOX2 signaling pathway in mouse neutrophils^[3].
Chloranil (25 μM; 6 h) decreases the viability of PC12 cells, increases the expression and interaction of TLR4 and MyD88, and up-regulates the expression and interaction of CD14 and MD2^[4].
Chloranil (25 μM; 6 h) stimulates the expression of inflammatory factors and activates MAPK signaling pathway in PC12 cells^[4]. In Vivo:Chloranil (10 mg/kg; Oral administration; 2 weeks) induces nerve damage in mice^[4].
Chloranil (1 mg/kg; Intraperitoneal injection; 3 days) has a strong hepatotoxic effect in mice, but can be alleviated by chlorogenic acid (HY-N0055)^[5].