Cinchonine

Cinchonine is a natural compound present in Cinchona bark with antimalarial, antitumor, anti-inflammatory, anti platelet-aggregation and anti-obesity properties. Cinchonine inhibits cells proliferation and autophagy and induces apoptosis through activation of Caspase-3. Cinchonine activates endoplasmic reticulum stress-induced apoptosis in human liver cancer cells^[1]. In Vitro:Cinchonine induces apoptosis and inhibits cell proliferations in HepG2 and SMCC7721 (180 μM, 24 h), as well as in cells HeLa and A549 (180 μM, 48-96 h) ^[2][3].
Cinchonine (50-100 μM, 24 h) inihibits tumor growth in lungen cancer cells A549 and H1975, with IC₅₀ values of 76.67 and 87.44 μM, respectively^[4].
Cinchonine (0-20 μM, 24 h) blocks autophagy flux through the inhibition of a maturation of lysosomal hydrolases^[4].
Cinchonine (20 μM) induces osteoclast differentiation and osteogenesis^[6].
Cinchonine inhibits platelet aggregation through inhibition of Ca²⁺ flux (IC₅₀: 300 μM) and protein kinase C (IC₅₀: 20 μM)^[7].
Cinchonine inhibits proliferation (0-100 μM, 72 h) of T. evansi , with IC₅₀ of 16.96 μM in 24 h ^[8]. In Vivo:Cinchonine (0.265-0.530 mg/kg, intratumorally injection, LLC cells for 14 days) induces cell apoptosis, suppresses tumor growth in BALB/c nude mice^[2].
Cinchonine exhibits anti-metastatic activity in lung cancer cells with low toxicity^[4].
Cinchonine(50mg/kg, i.p.) exhibits antiobesity activity in C57BL/6B mice^[5].