Endothelin 1 (swine, human)
CAS No. : 117399-94-7
(Synonyms: ET-1 (swine, human))
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| Cat. No. : | HY-P0202 |
| M.Wt: | 2491.90 |
| Formula: | C109H159N25O32S5 |
| Purity: | >98 % |
| Solubility: | DMSO : ≥ 50 mg/mL |
Endothelin 1 (swine, human) (ET-1) is a synthetic peptide with the sequence of human and swine Endothelin 1, which is a potent endogenous vasoconstrictor. Endothelin 1 acts through two types of receptors ETA and ETB[1]. IC50 & Target:ETA and ETB[1] In Vitro:Endothelin-1 (ET-1) is a potent endogenous vasoconstrictor, mainly secreted by endothelial cells. It acts through two types of receptors: ETA and ETB. Apart from a vasoconstrictive action, ET-1 causes fibrosis of the vascular cells and stimulates production of reactive oxygen species. It is claimed that ET-1 induces proinflammatory mechanisms, increasing superoxide anion production and cytokine secretion[1]. In Vivo:
Note:
Please do not refer to only one article to determine the experimental conditions. It is recommended to determine the optimal experimental conditions (animal strain, age, dosage, frequency and cycle, detection time and indicators, etc.) through preliminary experiments before the formal experiment.
Administration: Endothelin 1 (2 mg/mL in 1 μL saline) • microinjected into the unilateral (right) mPFC of mice using stereotaxic coordinates derived from the brain atlas by Paxinos and Watson (Site 1: anterior-posterior (AP): +2.0 mm, medial-lateral (ML): -0.5 mm, dorsoventral (DV): -2.4 mm; Site 2: AP: +1.5 mm, ML: -0.5 mm, DV: -2.6 mm)[2]
Mice: C57BL/6 mice • 10-11 weeks • 25-28 g
Administration: Endothelin 1 (2 μg/μL in 1 μL sterile water) • microinjected at two sites within the left mPFC at the following coordinates (in mm) relative to Bregma48. Injection 1, anterior-posterior (AP), 2.0; medial-lateral (ML), +0.5; dorsoventral (DV), -2.4; Injection 2, AP 1.5; ML +0.5; DV -2.6[3].
Rats: Adult male Sprague-Dawley rats
Administration: Endothelin 1 (400 pmol in 1 μL) • microinjected at the following coordinates: anterior/posterior +3.0, medial/lateral -1.3, and dorsal/ventral -3.5 (all coordinates relative to bregma)[4]
(2) After the injection, the syringe needle was left in place for 10 minutes to prevent backflow, then withdrawn slowly, and the scalp was sutured[2].
(3) An infusion pump was used to load 1 μL of pre-dissolved Endothelin 1, which was set at a rate of 0.20 μL/min[3].
(4) At the end of the infusion, the needle was left in place for 3 min before gradual withdrawal and closure of the incision that was treated with 0.1 ml of 2% transdermal bupivacaine as a topical anesthetic[3].
(5) Antibiotics were applied to the sutured area to prevent postoperative infection, and the mice were placed on a thermostatic heating pad to maintain body ature until full recovery[2][3].
Behavioral changes: Reduced center exploration (open field test, OFT); Decreased time/distance in the open arms (elevated plus-maze, EPM); Increased immobility (forced swimming test, FST; tail suspension test, TST); Reduced sucrose preference (sucrose preference test, SPT); Prolonged latency (novelty-suppressed feeding, NSF); No significant impairment in locomotion/motor coordination (OFT total distance, Rotarod, Cylinder test)
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