Caryophyllene oxide

Caryophyllene oxide ((-)-Caryophyllene oxide) is a bicyclic sesquiterpene with anticancer effects. Caryophyllene oxide induces apoptosis of PC-3 cells. Caryophyllene oxide shows analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities. Caryophyllene oxide has insecticidal, antioxidant, antimicrobial, antifungal, and antiparasitic properties^[1][2][3]. In Vitro:Caryophyllene oxide shows IC₅₀ values of 22.86 µg/mL and 44.78 µg/mL in PC-3 and MRC5 normal cells, respectively^[2].
Caryophyllene oxide (103.7 μM; 24 h) induces early and late apoptosis, and blocks the cell in the G2/M phase^[2].
Caryophyllene oxide (103.7 μM; 6-48 h) depolarizes the mitochondrial membrane. Depolarization of the mitochondrial membrane releases the pro-apoptotic protein Bax from Bcl-xL. The apoptosis process is caspase-7 activation-dependent^[2].
Caryophyllene oxide inhibits Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus^[3].
Caryophyllene oxide shows moderately cytotoxic against A-549, DLD-1, and WS1^[3].
Caryophyllene oxide also inhibits NO production induced by Lipopolysaccharides (HY-D1056) (LPS) with an IC₅₀ of 183 µg/mL^[3].
In Vivo:Caryophyllene oxide (12.5-25 mg/kg; i.p.; once) shows significant central as well as peripheral analgesic in mice and rats^[1].