Xanthan gum

Xanthan gum interacts with gelatin (HY-Y1365) via hydrogen bonds, thereby increasing the viscosity and stability of the hydrogel while promoting cell growth and creating a microenvironment conducive to cell differentiation^[1][2]. Xanthan gum induces pro-inflammatory responses by increasing the levels of TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-10. Xanthan gum can be used for inflammation and immunology research^[3]. In Vitro:Xanthan gum (3 %, 0-28 days) exhibits good biocompatibility, as evidenced by increasing metabolic activity of hMSCs without compromising cell viability^[1].
Xanthan gum (1.2 %, 2 days) in 2.5Gel3 and 3Gel4 hydrogels demonstrates a moisture retention of ~95% after hydration at 37°C^[2].
Xanthan gum (1.2 %, 0-24 h) in 2.5Gel3 and 3Gel4 hydrogels shows a swelling ratio that peaks at 3 h and stabilizes until 24 h, and exhibits minimal morphological changes after 1-3 h of crosslinking with 0.3 v/v% glutaraldehyde^[2].
Xanthan gum (1.2 %, 0-10 days) in 2.5Gel3 and 3Gel4 hydrogels displays a hydrolysis profile that peaks at 10 days, and respective porosities of ~65% and ~30%^[2].
Xanthan gum (1.2 %, 0-14 days) in 2.5Gel3 and 3Gel4 hydrogels supports the growth of co-cultured human skin fibroblasts and keratinocytes, as evidenced by a significant increase in cell numbers from day 1 to day 7, with a further increase observed by day 14^[2].
In Vivo:Xanthan gum (185 mg/100 g, p.o., daily from 5 to 15 weeks of age) increases pro-inflammatory cytokines in adipose tissue but does not affect tumor development in rats inoculated with Walker 256 cells^[3].
Xanthan gum (5%, p.o., continuous feeding) promotes expansion of R.UCG13 and B. intestinalis in the gut microbiome of Swiss Webster mice^[4].
​ Xanthan gum (5%, p.o., form day0 to day23) maintains the mice microbiota during antibiotic treatment, leading to limited to no C. difficile colonization^[5].