Ouabain (Octahydrate) (Standard)

Ouabain Octahydrate (Standard) (Acocantherine (Standard)) is the analytical standard of Ouabain Octahydrate (HY-B0542). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Ouabain Octahydrate is an inhibitor of Na+/K+-ATPase, used for the treatment of congestive heart failure.Ouabain Octahydrate (Acocantherine) is a plant-derived cardiac glycoside and also an inhibitor of Na⁺,K⁺-ATPase. Ouabain Octahydrate binds to the Na⁺,K⁺-ATPase α subunit, inhibits pump activity at high concentrations, and triggers caveolin-1-dependent signaling cascades at low concentrations. Ouabain Octahydrate stimulates the phosphorylation of Erk1/2, Akt, Bad, p53, c-Src and Src kinase, activates caspase 3, generates reactive oxygen species (ROS), elevates cytoplasmic calcium levels, regulates tight junction function, alters the expression of claudin, and assembles the Na⁺,K⁺-ATPase-Src-caveolin-1 signaling complex. Ouabain Octahydrate induces cell apoptosis, oncosis, cell death, DNA synthesis, proliferation, NF-κB activation, calcium oscillation, CD69 expression, cytokine production, nitric oxide production, Na⁺,K⁺-ATPase endocytosis and positive inotropic effects, while inhibiting lymphocyte proliferation, renin release and ventricular responses induced by atrial fibrillation. Ouabain Octahydrate can be used in studies related to neuroblastoma, hypertension, atrial fibrillation and adverse renal developmental programming^{[1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11]}.