Sorbic acid

Sorbic acid is an antibacterial preservative effective against most molds, yeasts, and some bacterial species. Sorbic acid inhibits microbial growth. Sorbic acid suppresses the activity of intestinal microorganisms in zebrafish, alters the composition of intestinal flora, and reduces the levels of intestinal immune biomarkers, including IgG, IL-1β, and TNF-α. Sorbic acid can be used in research on the prevention and treatment of mold, yeast, and bacterial infections^[1][2][3]. In Vitro:Sorbic acid (0.05%-0.1%) extends the shelf life of cottage cheese, inhibits the growth of Penicillium frequentans and other spoilage microorganisms, suppresses spoilage bacteria in cottage cheese as well as molds in unsalted butter and grains, and prolongs the safe storage period of grains^[1].
Sorbic acid (0.02%-0.04%) inhibits the growth of molds in ham and sausage, as well as the growth of Aspergillus versicolor, inhibits the growth of Alternaria solani, Penicillium citrinum and Aspergillus niger, with minimum inhibitory concentrations of 0.02%, 0.08% and 0.08%, respectively^[1].
Sorbic acid (0.05-0.15%) delays or prevents spore germination and growth initiation of Aspergillus parasiticus and Aspergillus flavus strains, slows their hyphal growth, inhibits the growth of Aspergillus sulphureus and Penicillium viridicatum as well as their ability to produce ochratoxin A, and reduces or even blocks the production of aflatoxin B1 by Aspergillus parasiticus and Aspergillus flavus^[1].
Sorbic acid (0.05%) inhibits the growth of Zygosaccharomyces rouxii, Saccharomyces bisporus, Saccharomyces acidifaciens and Saccharomyces pastorianus, and is used in combination with acids^[1].
Incorporation of Sorbic acid (≥15%) into sweet potato starch films significantly inhibits the growth of E. coli, but exerts no inhibitory effect on S. aureus^[3]. In Vivo:Exposure to Sorbic acid (0.1-1 g/L; aqueous exposure; daily water replacement; 14 days) inhibits intestinal microbial activity, alters intestinal flora composition, and reduces the levels of intestinal immune biomarkers, including IgG, IL-1β, and TNF-α^[2].