Epigoitrin

Epigoitrin is a natural alkaloid that provides protection against influenza infection by reducing the host’s susceptibility to influenza virus under stress. Epigoitrin exerts antiviral activity against influenza A1 virus FM1 via inhibiting virus attachment and multiplication in vitro. Epigoitrin also has lipid-lowering effects^[1][3]. In Vitro:Epigoitrin (100 μM; 24 h) reduces intracellular triglyceride and total cholesterol levels, increases short-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase activity, promotes glucose uptake and glycogen storage, increases ATP production, reduces glutathione content, decreases reactive oxygen species, and enhances superoxide dismutase activity in HepG2 cells^[3].
Epigoitrin inhibits the viability of RAW264.7 cells,with an IC₅₀ of 2 mM^[2].
Epigoitrin (1-100 μM; pretreated for 2 h, co-treated with Corticosterone (HY-B1618) for 48 h, and infected with H1N1 virus for 1.5 h) shows a dose-dependent inhibition of the mRNA expression of the NP gene in A549 cells compared with untreated cells^[1].
In Vivo:Epigoitrin (88-176 mg/kg/d; oral administration; once daily; for 7 consecutive days) reduces the susceptibility of mice to influenza virus in a restraint - stress - induced H1N1 virus - infected mouse model, manifested as reduced mortality, attenuated inflammation, and decreased viral replication in the lungs^[1].
Epigoitrin (50-100 mg/kg; added to the feed; for 12 weeks) reduces fat deposition, improves glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity, and increases energy expenditure in a high-fat diet-induced obese mouse model^[3].