NAAD (sodium)

NAAD sodium (Deamido nad sodium), a functional NAD⁺ precursor, is the substrate of glutamine-dependent NAD⁺ synthetase. NAAD sodium is used to study the structure of nicotinate mononucleotide adenylyltransferases^[1][2]. In Vitro: In peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC), NAAD sodium is only expected to be produced in biosynthesis of NAD⁺ from tryptophan and NA2, was elevated from less than 20?nM to as high as 0.91?μM^[1].
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide synthetases (NADS) catalyze the amidation of nicotinic acid adenine dinucleotide (NAAD) to yield the enzyme cofactor nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD)^[2]. In Vivo: In mice, when nicotinic acid (NA) is provided by oral gavage, liver NA peaked (340?pmol/mg) in 15?min. Hepatic NA appearance is followed by an expected peak of 220 NAAD sodium at 1?h post gavage and a rise in hepatic NAD⁺ from 990 baseline to 2200 at 2?h^[1].
NAAD sodium is reported in mouse liver when 500?mg/kg of radioactive nicotinamide (Nam) is injected intraperitoneally (IP) into the body cavity of mice. However, NAAD sodium is observed in kidneys, ovaries, lung, heart and brain in addition to liver in mice IP-injected with 500?mg/kg of NA but not Nam^[1].