Plantamajoside

Plantamajoside is an orally active phenylpropanoid glycoside. Plantamajoside can be isolated from Plantago asiatica L.(Plantaginaceae). Plantamajoside inactivates NF-κB, PI3K/akt, induces Apoptosis, and improves Autophagy. Plantamajoside regulates MAPK, integrin-linked kinase/c-Src. Plantamajoside inhibits multiple cancers, improves lung and kidney damage. Plantamajoside has neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory effects^{[1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19]}. In Vitro:Plantamajoside (1-800 μg/mL, 24 h-2 weeks) inhibits proliferation, stemness, and migration, and initiates apoptosis in 95D cells and dose-dependently suppresses the survival of 95D cells^[3].
Plantamajoside (10 μM, 1-24 h) from Plantago asiatica modulates human umbilical vein endothelial cell dysfunction by glyceraldehyde-induced AGEs via MAPK/NF-κB^[4].
Plantamajoside (10-40 μM, 24 h) inhibits high glucose-induced oxidative stress, inflammation, and extracellular matrix accumulation in rat glomerular mesangial cells HBZY-1 through the inactivation of Akt/NF-κB pathway^[5].
Plantamajoside (5-120 μM 48 h) alleviates hypoxia-reoxygenation injury through integrin-linked kinase/c-Src/Akt and the mitochondrial apoptosis signaling pathways in H9c2 myocardial cells^[6].
Plantamajoside (10-20 μM, 12-48 h) inhibits hypoxia-induced migration and invasion of human cervical cancer cells (SiHa and CaSki) through blocking the NF-κB and PI3K/akt pathways^[7].
Plantamajoside (20-320 μg/mL, 24 h) ameliorates TGFβ2-induced autophagy, epithelial-mesenchymal transition and inflammatory processes in human lens epithelial cells (hLECs)^[8].
Plantamajoside (20-160 μg/mL, 48 h) inhibits proliferation, migration, invasion and induces apoptosis in activated HSC-T6 cell^[9].
Plantamajoside (20-160 μg/mL, 24-72 h) inhibits the invasion, migration and viability of malignant melanoma cells A2058^[10].
Plantamajoside (2.5-40 μg/mL, 7 days) promotes metformin-induced apoptosis, autophagy and proliferation arrest of liver cancer cells via suppressing Akt/GSK3β signaling^[11].
Plantamajoside (31.25-500 μg/mL, 12-48 h) inhibits breast cancer cells (MDA-MB-231) growth by decreasing the activity of matrix metalloproteinase-9 and -2^[12].
Plantamajoside (10-80 μM, 24 h) protects H9c2 cells against hypoxia/reoxygenation-induced injury through regulating the akt/Nrf2/HO-1 and NF-κB signaling pathways^[13].
Plantamajoside (20-160 g/mL) inhibits HCC cells progression through regulating cell viability, apoptosis, migration, invasion and PI3K/AKT pathway^[14].
In Vivo:Plantamajoside (20-80 mg/kg) promotes the recovery of neurological function and protects the tissue structure of the spinal cord after ASCI in a rat model of acute spinal cord injury^[15].
Plantamajoside (25-100 mg/kg, i.p., 24 h) alleviates acute sepsis-induced organ dysfunction through inhibiting the TRAF6/NF-κB axis in mice^[16].
Plantamajoside (10-40 mg/kg, p.o., 4 weeks) has protective activities against Cd-induced renal injury in rats^[17].
Plantamajoside (25-100 mg/kg, i.p., three times at 6, 12, 18 h) ameliorates lipopolysaccharide-induced acute lung injury via suppressing NF-κB and MAPK activation in mice^[18].
Plantamajoside (20-80 mg/kg, i.p., once a day for 4?weeks) modulates immune dysregulation and hepatic lipid metabolism in rats with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease via AMPK/Nrf2 elevation^[19].