Pirenoxine

Pirenoxine (Catalin K) is an antioxidant with lens-protective activity. Pirenoxine inhibits lens sclerosis, prevents lipid peroxidation and suppresses lens protein opacification. Pirenoxine blocks benzoquinone acetic acid-induced cataract progression. Pirenoxine can be used in research related to presbyopia and cataracts^[1][2]. In Vitro:Pirenoxine inhibits lens protein opacification induced by UVC, selenite and Ca^2+[1][2].
Pirenoxine (PRX) (0.016-0.1 μM; 0-4 days) delays selenite-induced early lens opacification and reduces the degradation of insoluble lens proteins in lens homogenates of SD rat pups^[2].
Pirenoxine reduces UVC-induced lens opacity and γ-crystallin degradation in porcine lens homogenates; it delays the onset and reduces the opacity of glucose/galactose-induced diabetic cataracts in intact goat lenses^[2].
Pirenoxine (10^-4 M) elevates the levels of glutathione (GSH), water-soluble proteins and sulfur-containing amino acids in lenses of galactose-induced diabetic SD rats, while it only produces partial effects at 10^-5 M^[2].
Pirenoxine inhibits oxidative damage in intact rat lenses induced by macrophages stimulated with Fe³⁺/ascorbic acid, hemoglobin or fMLP; it also inhibits lipid peroxidation in intact rat lenses treated with ROS induced by xanthine/xanthine oxidase^[2].
Pirenoxine (60 μM; 48 h) reduces sorbitol content in bovine lenses^[2]. In Vivo:Pirenoxine (0.005%; eye drops; 4 times daily; for 12 consecutive days) significantly inhibits lens sclerosis in Rattus norvegicus rats induced by tobacco smoke exposure^[1].
Pirenoxine (0.005% concentration; topical administration; 4 times daily; for 120 consecutive days) delays the progression of age-related cataracts in senescence-accelerated mice^[2].
Pirenoxine (2.5-5 mg/kg; subcutaneous injection; single administration) prevents early gross lens opacification in selenite-induced cataract SD young rats only at the dose of 5 mg/kg^[2].
Pirenoxine (PRX) (0.8 mg/15 mL; topical administration; three times daily for 7 consecutive days) increases the activities of antioxidant enzymes and the level of GSH, while reduces the levels of oxidative damage markers in Wistar rats with selenite-induced cataracts^[2].
Pirenoxine (concentration 0.005-2%; topical administration; 2 drops, three times daily; for 30 consecutive days) reduces the incidence of cataracts in galactose-induced diabetic cataract SD rats and tryptophan deficiency-induced congenital cataract colored rabbits, and improves the antioxidant/protein-related indicators of their lenses^[2].
Pirenoxine (concentration 0.0053%; topical administration; three times daily; for 60 consecutive days) slows disease progression and reverses lens opacification in Wistar rats with established galactose-induced diabetic cataracts^[2].