Tubeimoside I

Tubeimoside I is an orally active HSPD1 inhibitor. Tubeimoside I inhibits NF-κB, MAPK, as well as regulates eNOS-VEGF. Tubeimoside I induces cytoprotective Autophagy via an Akt-mediated pathway. Tubeimoside I inhibits proinflammatory cytokine (IL-6 and IL-1β) production. Tubeimoside I exhibits anti-inflammatory activities. Tubeimoside I promotes angiogenesis and improves sepsis symptoms. Tubeimoside I is used in the research of inflammatory diseases, various cancers, sepsis and ischemic diseases^{[1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11]}. In Vitro:Tubeimoside I (0.5-8 µM; 6-48 h) induces cytoprotective autophagy in human breast cancer cells (MDA-MB-231, MCF-7, T47D) via Akt-mediated pathway^[1].
Tubeimoside I (20 µM; 24 h) inhibits the late stage of autophagic flux in lung cancer cells transfected with mCherry-GFP-LC3 tandem plasmids^[2].
Tubeimoside I (0-30 µM; 24 h) markedly decreases cervical cancer (Hela and SiHa) cell viability in a dose-dependent manner^[3].
Tubeimoside I (25 μM; 4-24 h) causes cell cycle arrest at the G2/M phase in HeLa cells in a dose- and time- dependent manner^[4].
Tubeimoside I (3-15 μM; 12-24 h) induces oxidative stress-mediated apoptosis and G0/G1 phase arrest in human prostate carcinoma cells DU145 and PC3^[5].
Tubeimoside I (15-30 μM; 24 h) induces apoptosis in HepG2 and L-02 cells^[6].
Tubeimoside I (2-6 μM; 1 h) attenuates LPS-induced inflammation in RAW 264.7 cells, inhibiting the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-1β^[7].
Tubeimoside I (0.5-10 μM; 48 h) inhibits the viability of HCT-116 colon cancer cells in a dose-dependent manner^[10].
In Vivo:Tubeimoside I (1-4 mg/kg; i.p.; 13 days) inhibits the growth of tumors in nude mice subcutaneously inoculated with NCI-H1299 cells in a dose-dependent manner and does not cause a decrease in the body weight of the mice^[2].
Tubeimoside I (3 mg/kg; i.p.; daily; 16 days) inhibits the growth of HeLa-xenografted tumors in nude mice, as indicated by smaller tumor size, volume, and mass^[3].
Tubeimoside I (1-4 mg/kg; i.p.; 1 h before LPS challenge) reduces lung injury, down-regulates the secretion of TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-1β, and inhibits the activation of NF-κB and MAPK in a murine model of LPS-induced acute lung injury^[7].
Tubeimoside I (45-180 mg/kg; p.o.; daily; 21 consecutive days) attenuates inflammation and oxidative damage in a mice model of PM_2.5‑induced pulmonary injury^[8].
Tubeimoside I (4 mg/kg; i.p.; 1 h before cecal ligation and puncture (CLP)) improves survival of mice in sepsis by inhibiting inducible nitric oxide synthase expression^[9].
Tubeimoside I (4 mg/kg; i.p.; every day; 28 days) improves recovery from hindlimb ischemia and increases capillary density in C57BL/6 mice^[11].