Tin(II) chloride (dihydrate)

Tin(II) chloride dihydrate (Stannous chloride dihydrate) is a biochemical reagent with genotoxicity, mutagenicity, mitotic recombinogenicity, and reactive oxygen species-inducing activity^[1]. In Vitro:Tin(II) chloride dihydrate (1.00-5.00 mM; 20 min) induces mutagenic activity in Salmonella typhimurium TA102, with a mutagenic index of 2.0 at 5.00 mM and significant dose-dependent increases in revertant colony counts at concentrations ≥1.25 mM^[1].
Tin(II) chloride dihydrate (0.125-1.25 mM; 20 min) induces mutagenic activity in oxidant-sensitive Escherichia coli IC203, with a mutagenic index of 2.0 at 1.25 mM and significant dose-dependent increases in revertant colony counts at concentrations ≥1.00 mM^[1].
Tin(II) chloride dihydrate (25 mM; 90 min) reduces survival of Saccharomyces cerevisiae stationary-phase cells, with recombinogenic repair-deficient rad52Δ cells showing the highest sensitivity among isogenic repair mutants, indicating recombinogenic repair mechanisms are most critical for repairing Sn²⁺-induced DNA damage^[1].
Tin(II) chloride dihydrate (25-75 mM; 20-60 min) acts as a mutagen in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, inducing dose-dependent reversion of histidine, lysine, and putative frameshift mutant alleles in haploid and diploid stationary-phase cells, with higher activity for the his1-798 allele^[1].
Tin(II) chloride dihydrate (25-75 mM; 1-60 min) induces significant intra-genic mitotic recombination (gene conversion) in diploid Saccharomyces cerevisiae XS2316 cells at 50 mM, with minimal to no induction of inter-genic reciprocal recombination at tested concentrations (25, 50, 75 mM)^[1].
Tin(II) chloride dihydrate (25 mM; up to 60 min) induces toxicity in stationary-phase Saccharomyces cerevisiae that is mitigated by superoxide dismutases (especially cytosolic Sod1p), but not by catalase^[1].
Tin(II) chloride dihydrate reduces survival of both stationary-phase and exponentially growing Saccharomyces cerevisiae XV185-14c cells^[1].